Multifaceted Design of Surface Passivator for Upgraded Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The nonradiative recombination arising from the interfaces of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) pose a hurdle, impacting both the efficiency and stability of devices. Functionalized organic molecules can passivate the perovskite surface to suppress the defects and can also fine‐tune the microstructure. This in turn promotes reliability and performance enhancement in solar cells. Using a design protocol, cyanoguanidine diiodide is synthesized and employed as a surface passivator for the fabrication of PSCs, and boosted performance from 20.44% to 23.04% is achieved. This improvement stems from an improved fill factor reaching up to 80.64%, together with the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) measuring 1119 mV. The steady‐state photoluminescence and microstructure of passivated perovskites display significant surface modification of the perovskite film which favorably impacts the charge carrier transfer at the interface of perovskite and Spiro‐OMeTAD. Our findings suggest that improved solar cell performance is due to the synergetic effect of amino and cyano functional groups along with the iodide reservoir in the organic passivator.