1. Johns Hopkins University Department of Medicine www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Medicine/diversity/urm_definition.html
2. Commission on Dental Accreditation 2013 www.ada.org/sections/educationAndCareers/pdfs/predoc_2013.pdf
3. Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al. 539 U.S. 244 2003 www.justice.gov/osg/briefs/2002/3mer/1ami/2002-0516.mer.ami.pdf