Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance

Author:

Mu Xuan12,Gerhard‐Herman Marie Denise3,Zhang Yu Shrike1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA

2. Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

3. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA

Abstract

AbstractBlood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well‐controlled microenvironment and spatial‐temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, several critical aspects of vascular physiology are discussed, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. The state‐of‐art blood vessel chips are also reviewed that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. It is envisioned that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Brigham Research Institute

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science

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