Physically and Chemically Stable Molybdenum‐Based Composite Electrodes for p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells

Author:

Fan Rundong1,Sun Wei1,Li Congmeng23,Chen Yihua4,Xie Haipeng5,Gao Yongli6,Ma Yue4,Peng Zongyang7,Huang Zijian1,Yin Ruiyang1,Pei Fengtao4,Zhou Wentao1,Wu Yuetong1,Liu Huifen1,Li Kailin1,Song Tinglu4,Zou Dechun7,Zai Huachao1,Li Hui38,Chen Qi4,Wang Qian1,Zhou Huanping1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China

2. Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China

3. School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China

5. Institute of Super‐Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advance Materials School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Changsha Hunan 410012 P. R. China

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA

7. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China

8. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China

Abstract

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered much attention in recent years. Despite the remarkable advancements in PSCs utilizing traditional metal electrodes, challenges such as stability concerns and elevated costs have necessitated the exploration of innovative electrode designs to facilitate industrial commercialization. Herein, a physically and chemically stable molybdenum (Mo) electrode is developed to fundamentally tackle the instability factors introduced by electrodes. The combined spatially resolved element analyses and theoretical study demonstrate the high diffusion barrier of Mo ions within the device. Structural and morphology characterization also reveals the negligible plastic deformation and halide‐metal reaction during aging when Mo is in contact with perovskite (PVSK). The electrode/underlayer junction is further stabilized by a thin seed layer of titanium (Ti) to improve Mo film's uniformity and adhesion. Based on a corresponding p–i–n PSCs (ITO/PTAA/PVSK/C60/SnO2/ITO/Ti/Mo), the champion sample could deliver an efficiency of 22.25%, which is among the highest value for PSCs based on Mo electrodes. Meanwhile, the device shows negligible performance decay after 2000 h operation, and retains 91% of the initial value after 1300 h at 50–60 °C. In summary, the multilayer Mo electrode opens an effective avenue to all‐round stable electrode design in high‐performance PSCs.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Key Research and Development Program of China

Publisher

Wiley

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