Multimodal‐Driven Magnetic Microrobots with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity for Biofilm Eradication and Removal from Titanium Mesh

Author:

Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C.1ORCID,Zelenka Jaroslav2,Klima Karel3,Kubanova Michaela2,Ruml Tomas2,Pumera Martin1456ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

2. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

3. Department of Stomatology – Maxillofacial Surgery General Teaching Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 12808 Czech Republic

4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB ‐ Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic

5. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei‐ro Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 South Korea

6. Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh‐Shih Road Taichung 40402 Taiwan

Abstract

AbstractModern micro/nanorobots can perform multiple tasks for biomedical and environmental applications. Particularly, magnetic microrobots can be completely controlled by a rotating magnetic field and their motion powered and controlled without the use of toxic fuels, which makes them most promising for biomedical application. Moreover, they are able to form swarms, allowing them to perform specific tasks at a larger scale than a single microrobot. In this work, they developed magnetic microrobots composed of halloysite nanotubes as backbone and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as magnetic material allowing magnetic propulsion and covered these with polyethylenimine to load ampicillin and prevent the microrobots from disassembling. These microrobots exhibit multimodal motion as single robots as well as in swarms. In addition, they can transform from tumbling to spinning motion and vice‐versa, and when in swarm mode they can change their motion from vortex to ribbon and back again. Finally, the vortex motion mode is used to penetrate and disrupt the extracellular matrix of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm colonized on titanium mesh used for bone restoration, which improves the effect of the antibiotic's activity. Such magnetic microrobots for biofilm removal from medical implants could reduce implant rejection and improve patients’ well‐being.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science

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