Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Underwater Applications

Author:

Wang Yafei12,Cui Yong1,Wang Jianqiu1,Xiao Yang12,Chen Zhihao1,Wang Wenxuan12,Yu Yue12,Yang Shiwei3,Yu Runnan4,Hao Xiaotao5,Zhang Shaoqing3,Hou Jianhui123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China

2. School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

3. School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China

4. College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China

5. School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China

Abstract

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) technology holds tremendous promise as a sustainable power source for underwater off‐grid systems. However, research on underwater OPV cells is relatively scarce. Here, this gap is addressed by focusing on the exploration and development of OPV cells specifically designed for underwater applications. An acceptor, named ITO‐4Cl, with excellent water resistance, is rationally designed and synthesized. Benefiting from its low energetic disorder and an absorption spectrum well‐suited to the underwater environment, the ITO‐4Cl‐based OPV cell achieves an unprecedented power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25.6% at a water depth of 1 m. Additionally, under 660 nm laser irradiation, the cell demonstrates a notable PCE of 31.6%, indicating its potential for underwater wireless energy transfer. Due to the mitigation of thermal effects from solar irradiation, the lifetime of the ITO‐4Cl‐based OPV cell exceeds 7000 h. Additionally, a flexible OPV cell is fabricated that maintains its initial PCE even under exposure to high pressures of 5 MPa. A 32.5 cm2 flexible module achieves an excellent PCE of 17%. This work fosters a deeper understanding of underwater OPV cells and highlights the promising prospects of OPV cells for underwater applications.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

Wiley

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