Low‐Temperature Adaptive Single‐Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain

Abstract

AbstractOutbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low‐temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics. Phosphorus (P) atoms are added to the remote counter position of Fe‐N‐C center to prepare FeN4P2‐single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes), exhibiting lipid oxidase (OXD)‐like activity at cold chain temperatures (−20, and 4 °C). This feature enables FeN4P2‐SAzymes to disrupt multiple enveloped viruses (human, swine, and avian coronaviruses, and H1‐H11 subtypes of IAV) by catalyzing lipid peroxidation of the viral lipid envelope. Under the simulated conditions of cold chain logistics, FeN4P2‐SAzymes are successfully applied as antiviral coatings on outer packaging and personal protective equipment; Therefore, FeN4P2‐SAzymes with low‐temperature adaptability and broad‐spectrum antiviral properties may serve as key materials for developing specific antiviral approaches to interrupt viral transmission through the cold chain.