Alternating Current Electroluminescence for Human‐Interactive Sensing Displays

Abstract

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐interactive displays based on alternating current (AC)‐driven electroluminescence (EL) is of great interest, owing to their simple device architectures suitable for wearable applications requiring resilient mechanical flexibility and stretchability. AC‐EL displays can serve as emerging platforms for various human‐interactive sensing displays (HISDs) where human information is electrically detected and directly visualized using EL, promoting the development of the interaction of human–machine technologies. This review provides a holistic overview of the latest developments in AC‐EL displays with an emphasis on their applications for HISDs. AC‐EL displays based on exciton recombination or impact excitations of hot electrons are classified into four representative groups depending upon their device architecture: 1) displays without insulating layers, 2) displays with single insulating layers, 3) displays with double insulating layers, and 4) displays with EL materials embedded in an insulating matrix. State‐of‐the‐art AC HISDs are discussed. Furthermore, emerging stimuli‐interactive AC‐EL displays are described, followed by a discussion of scientific and engineering challenges and perspectives for future stimuli‐interactive AC‐EL displays serving as photo‐electronic human–machine interfaces.