Perovskite Colloidal Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polycrystalline perovskite (PVK) solar cells (SCs) (PC‐PeSCs) have rapidly increased. However, PC‐PeSCs are intrinsically unstable without encapsulation, and their efficiency drops during large‐scale production; these problems hinder the commercial viability of PeSCs. Stability can be increased by using colloidal PVK nanocrystals (c‐PeNCs), which have high surface strains, low defect density, and exceptional crystal quality. The use of c‐PeNCs separates the crystallization process from the film formation process, which is preponderant in large‐scale fabrication. Consequently, the use of c‐PeNCs has substantial potential to overcome challenges encountered when fabricating PC‐PeSCs. Research on colloidal nanocrystal‐based PVK SCs (NC‐PeSCs) has increased their PCEs to a level greater than those of other quantum‐dot SCs, but has not reached the PCEs of PC‐PeSCs; this inferiority significantly impedes widespread application of NC‐PeSCs. This review first introduces the distinctive properties of c‐PeNCs, then the strategies that have been used to achieve high‐efficiency NC‐PeSCs. Then it discusses in detail the persisting challenges in this domain. Specifically, the major challenges and solutions for NC‐PeSCs related to low short‐circuit current density Jsc are covered. Last, the article presents a perspective on future research directions and potential applications in the realm of NC‐PeSCs.