1. Department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
2. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Particle Materials Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1 Beiertiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
4. Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1 Beiertiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
5. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
6. Center for Nano‐chemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
7. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nano‐materials and Nano‐safety CAS‐HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
8. State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
9. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nano‐materials and Nano‐safety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
10. GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology Guangzhou Guangdong 510700 P. R. China
11. Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 P. R. China