A H₂S‐Evolving Alternately‐Catalytic Enzyme Bio‐Heterojunction with Antibacterial and Macrophage‐Reprogramming Activity for All‐Stage Infectious Wound Regeneration

Abstract

AbstractThe disorder of the macrophage phenotype and the hostile by‐product of lactate evoked by pathogenic infection in hypoxic deep wound inevitably lead to the stagnant skin regeneration. In this study, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐evolving alternately catalytic bio‐heterojunction enzyme (AC‐BioHJzyme) consisting of CuFe2S3 and lactate oxidase (LOD) named as CuFe2S3@LOD is developed. AC‐BioHJzyme exhibits circular enzyme‐mimetic antibacterial (EMA) activity and macrophage re‐rousing capability, which can be activated by near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) light. In this system, LOD exhausts lactate derived from bacterial anaerobic respiration and generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which provides an abundant stock for the peroxidase‐mimetic activity to convert the produced H2O2 into germicidal •OH. The GPx‐mimetic activity endows AC‐BioHJzyme with a glutathione consumption property to block the antioxidant systems in bacterial metabolism, while the O2 provided by the CAT‐mimetic activity can generate 1O2 under the NIR‐II irradiation. Synchronously, the H2S gas liberated from CuFe2S3@LOD under the infectious micromilieu allows the reduction of Fe(III)/Cu(II) to Fe(II)/Cu(І), resulting in sustained circular EMA activity. In vitro and in vivo assays indicate that the CuFe2S3@LOD AC‐BioHJzyme significantly facilitates the infectious cutaneous regeneration by killing bacteria, facilitating epithelialization/collagen deposition, promoting angiogenesis, and reprogramming macrophages. This study provides a countermeasure for deep infectious wound healing via circular enzyme‐mimetic antibiosis and macrophage re‐rousing.