Affiliation:
1. Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510260 P. R. China
2. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
3. School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
4. Food Sciences Research Institute Pakistan Agricultural Research Council 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
Abstract
AbstractT‐cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T‐cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T‐cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T‐cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T‐cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T‐cell immunotherapy. Here, how T‐cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T‐cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T‐cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T‐cell immunotherapy.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science