1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ UK
2. School of Civil Engineering University College Dublin Dublin D04V1W8 Ireland
3. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering University College London (UCL) London WC1E 6BT UK
4. School of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies Teesside University Teesside TS1 3BX UK
5. Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) Orléans Cedex 2 45060 France