Comparison of severe hyponatremia in patients with and without psychiatric diseases: A single‐center retrospective study

Author:

Makino Eriko12,Hashimoto Takahide1,Sako Akahito1ORCID,Nanasawa Hideki2,Enomoto Tetsuro2,Hayakawa Tatsuro2,Hamasaki Hidetaka1,Yanai Hidekatsu1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital National Center for Global Health and Medicine Ichikawa Chiba Japan

2. Department of Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital National Center for Global Health and Medicine Ichikawa Chiba Japan

Abstract

AbstractAimsHyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder. The severe hyponatremia has a mortality rate of 4%–40%. Psychiatric patients are likely to develop the condition because of polydipsia or the adverse effects of antipsychotics. We investigated the characteristics of patients with and without psychiatric diseases who developed severe hyponatremia.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively investigated cases admitted to our hospital (all departments) between October 2012 and November 2015 with a serum sodium concentration of ≤125 mmol/l on admission. We compared patient characteristics, etiology, and clinical course between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients.ResultsIn total, 123 cases (62 female) were analyzed. Psychiatric disorders were present in 69 cases (56%), including schizophrenia (n = 19), anorexia (n = 16), mood disorders (n = 14), and organic mental disorders (n = 9). The mean patient age was 63 years. The mean serum sodium concentration on admission was 119 mmol/l, and the main causes of hyponatremia were polydipsia (20%), insufficient sodium intake (18%), and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (16%). Compared with the nonpsychiatric group, the psychiatric group was significantly younger (55 vs. 74 years), was more likely to have polydipsia (30% vs. 6%), and had a lower in‐hospital mortality (0% vs. 17%).ConclusionsOur study found differences in the clinical picture between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients with severe hyponatremia. Clinicians need to monitor serum sodium because the symptoms of hyponatremia can mimic those of psychiatric diseases.

Funder

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

Publisher

Wiley

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