CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO2 release field experiments

Author:

Zielinski João Pedro T.12,Melo Clarissa L.1,Iglesias Rodrigo S.1,Reginato Pedro R.2

Affiliation:

1. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS. Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources Porto Alegre Brazil

2. Graduate program in Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation Hydraulic Research Institute (IPH) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre (RS) Brazil

Abstract

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced‐scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process‐based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short‐lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short‐lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long‐term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Environmental Chemistry,Environmental Engineering

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