Affiliation:
1. Institute for Agro‐food Standards and Testing Technology Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
2. College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
3. School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
4. College of Plant Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDThe widespread incidence of “false smut” disease in rice has caused extensive ustiloxin contamination around the world. Until now there has been a lack of knowledge regarding the natural occurrence of ustiloxins in paddy. The development of efficient removal methods is also still a challenge that remains unexplored.RESULTSIn the current study, three main ustiloxins – ustiloxin A (UA), ustiloxin B (UB), and ustiloxin G (UG) – were determined simultaneously by ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) in 206 paddy samples collected in 2021 from five rice‐producing provinces in China. The predominant ustiloxin was UA with an occurrence of 46.1% and an average concentration of 49.71 μg kg−1. This was followed by UB (31.1%, 13.31 μg kg−1) and UG (18.4%, 9.19 μg kg−1). No targeted ustiloxins were detected in white rice samples randomly collected from supermarkets in Shanghai. To reveal the causes, two approaches were tested for the removal of the ustiloxins: most of the targeted ustiloxins (>93%) were removed in brown rice by husking and, subsequently, all targeted ustiloxins (100%) were removed by whitening.CONCLUSIONA wide distribution of ustiloxins was discovered in paddy samples in this study. The UA contaminations were significantly different depending on their origin, with the highest occurrence in paddy from Shanghai and Jiangsu, southeast coast provinces in China. Contamination by UG was also found in paddy for the first time and was strongly correlated with those of UA and UB. A combination of husking and whitening has been verified to be a practicable and promising way to ensure efficient removal and food safety. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,Agronomy and Crop Science,Food Science,Biotechnology