A GC–MS and LC–HRMS perspective on the chemotaxonomic investigation of the natural hybrid Origanum × lirium and its parents, O. vulgare subsp. hirtum and O. scabrum

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionThe genus Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) is widespread in the Mediterranean region. However, approximately 75% of the species are only encountered in the eastern part. Out of these, a total of nine species (11 taxa) and three natural hybrids occur in Greece. Nevertheless, so far, there is no consensus regarding their precise botanical classification in the literature. In fact, the taxon Origanum × lirium has been proposed both as a separate species as well as natural hybrid between Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum and Origanum scabrum.ObjectivesIn this scope, the aim of the current study is to shed light on the matter through the investigation of the chemical composition of both the essential oils and the polar extracts of the mentioned taxa, collected from different geographical regions of Greece.ResultsAs it was demonstrated by both gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) data, and highlighted by our comparative analysis, it can be stipulated that Origanum × lirium shares its chemotype to a large extent with its parent species concerning both volatile and polar constituents. Additionally, geographical origin conditions stood out as a key factor influencing their chemical composition.ConclusionAltogether, the present work provides useful information on the chemical composition of the taxa under investigation, while our findings support the opinion that Origanum × lirium should be considered not as a separate species, but rather as a hybrid on the way to becoming a species.