Effect of the mycotoxins enniatin B and deoxynivalenol on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and on the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla carnea

Author:

Sevarika Milos1ORCID,Beccari Giovanni1ORCID,Tini Francesco1ORCID,Ederli Luisa1ORCID,Bellezza Ilaria2ORCID,Covarelli Lorenzo1ORCID,Romani Roberto1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Perugia Italy

2. Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium species are responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs) are common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, affecting plant, animal and human health. Although DON's effects have been widely studied, limited research has explored the impact of ENNs on insects. This study examines the influence of DON and enniatin B (ENB), both singularly and in combination, on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and one of its predators, the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea.RESULTSWhen exposed to DON (100 mg L−1) or DON + ENB (100 mg L−1), S. avenae exhibited significantly increased mortality compared to the negative control. ENB (100 mg L−1) had no significant effect on aphid mortality. DON‐treated aphids showed increasing mortality from 48 to 96 h. A dose–response relationship with DON revealed significant cumulative mortality starting at 25 mg L−1. By contrast, C. carnea larvae exposed to mycotoxins via cuticular application did not show significant differences in mortality when mycotoxins were dissolved in water but exhibited increased mortality with acetone‐solubilized DON + ENB (100 mg L−1). Feeding C. carnea with aphids exposed to mycotoxins (indirect exposure) did not impact their survival or predatory activity. Additionally, the impact of mycotoxins on C. carnea was observed only with acetone‐solubilized DON + ENB.CONCLUSIONSThese findings shed light on the complex interactions involving mycotoxins, aphids and their predators, offering valuable insights for integrated pest management strategies. Further research should explore broader ecological consequences of mycotoxin contamination in agroecosystems. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Funder

Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca

Università degli Studi di Perugia

Publisher

Wiley

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