Affiliation:
1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Cyprus International University Nicosia Cyprus
2. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
3. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Near East University Nicosia Cyprus
4. Department of Pharmacology Fenerbahce University Istanbul Turkey
5. Department of Biophysics Near East University Nicosia Cyprus
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual loss of cognitive abilities (dementia) and is a major public health problem. Here, we aimed at investigating the effects of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) on learning and memory functions in a rat model of amnesia induced by scopolamine, as well as on changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expression, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the extracted brain tissues.MethodsThe control, amnesia (scopolamine, 1 mg/kg/i.p.) and treatment (RDEO, 100 μL/kg/p.o. or galantamine, 1.5 mg/kg/i.p.) groups were subjected to Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. AChE activity was assayed by ELISA, and M1 mAChR and BDNF concentration changes were determined by western blotting. Also, using computational tools, human M1 mAChR was modeled in an active conformation, and the major components of RDEO were docked onto this receptor.ResultsAccording to our behavioral tests, RDEO was able to mitigate the learning and memory impairments caused by scopolamine in vivo. Our in vitro assays showed that the observed positive effects correlated well with a decrease in AChE activity and an increase in M1 mAChR and BDNF levels in amnestic rat brains. We also demonstrated in an in silico setting that the major components of RDEO, specifically ‐citronellol, geraniol, and nerol, could be accommodated favorably within the allosteric binding pocket of active‐state human M1 mAChR and anchored here chiefly by hydrogen‐bonding and alkyl–π interactions.ConclusionOur findings offer a solid experimental foundation for future RDEO‐based medicinal product development for patients suffering from AD.
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