1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230027 China
2. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon Hong Kong
3. School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics; University of Western Sydney; Sydney Australia
4. China Waterborne Transport Research Institute; Beijing 100088 China
5. Institute of Public Safety Research; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China