Use of palladium catalysis in the synthesis of novel porphyrins and phthalocyanines

Abstract

Palladium catalysts offer a rich and highly versatile chemistry for the synthesis of novel porphyrins and phthalocyanines. These mild and flexible reactions have been used extensively in the preparation of interesting porphyrins and phthalocyanines, either in the synthesis of substituted precursors or in the modification of pre-existing macrocycles. For these tetrapyrrolic compounds, metal-mediated reactions such as these offer extensive benefits, which have been taken advantage of in order to add novel substituents, synthesize naturally occurring molecules and prepare multi-macrocyclic arrays. This review gives an overview of the use of palladium catalysts in the synthesis of porphyrins and phthalocyanines along with the applications of some of the compounds prepared.