The progression and mechanisms of mental illness symptoms in university student‐athletes during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract

AbstractA few studies have examined mental illness symptoms in university student‐athletes during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but the limited use of longitudinal design limits the understanding of the progression of these symptoms and the mechanisms by which they developed. The present research aims to describe the trajectory of variation of mental illness symptoms (anxiety, depression, alcohol consumption disorders, and eating disorders) throughout the pandemic, to test causality between perceived stress and symptoms, and to identify individual characteristics (sociodemographic, perceived stress, and social support) influencing the trajectories of mental illness symptoms. On three occasions during the pandemic, 211 university student‐athletes were surveyed. Latent growth models and random intercept crossed‐lagged panel models were performed. Results indicate that anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly decreased throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic while alcohol consumption disorder symptoms significantly increased and eating disorder symptoms did not change significantly. Second, perceived stress was a significant cause of anxiety and depressive symptoms during this pandemic. Conversely, eating disorder symptoms significantly predicted perceived stress. Finally, average perceived stress and average social support availability throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, and identifying as a visible minority, significantly predicted the trajectory of depressive symptoms, allowing for the identification of a sub‐population at higher risk. Based on these findings, teaching stress management strategies should be an essential component of programs to prevent mental illness symptoms in university student‐athletes. Reducing environmental stressors and their consequences among this population should also be prioritised.