Prostate Age Gap: An MRI Surrogate Marker of Aging for Prostate Cancer Detection

Author:

Fernandez‐Quilez Alvaro123ORCID,Nordström Tobias34,Jäderling Fredrik56,Kjosavik Svein Reidar7,Eklund Martin3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway

2. SMIL, Department of Radiology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway

3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

4. Department of Clinical Sciences Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

5. Department of Radiology Capio Saint Göran Hospital Stockholm Sweden

6. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

7. General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway

Abstract

BackgroundAging is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer (PC). Imaging techniques can be useful to measure age‐related changes associated with the transition to diverse pathological states. However, biomarkers of aging from prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain to be explored.PurposeTo develop an aging biomarker from prostate MRI and to examine its relationship with clinically significant PC (csPC, Gleason score ≥7) risk occurrence.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFour hundred and sixty‐eight (65.97 ± 6.91 years) biopsied males, contributing 7243 prostate MRI slices. A deep learning (DL) model was trained on 3223 MRI slices from 81 low‐grade PC (Gleason score ≤6) and 131 negative patients, defined as non‐csPC. The model was tested on 90 negative, 52 low‐grade (142 non‐csPC), and 114 csPC patients.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, axial T2‐weighted spin sequence.AssessmentChronological age was defined as the age of the participant at the time of the visit. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, Gleason, and Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) scores were also obtained. Manually annotated prostate masks were used to crop the MRI slices, and a DL model was trained with those from non‐csPC patients to estimate the age of the patients. Following, we obtained the prostate age gap (PAG) on previously unseen csPC and non‐csPC cropped MRI exams. PAG was defined as the estimated model age minus the patient's age. Finally, the relationship between PAG and csPC risk occurrence was assessed through an adjusted multivariate logistic regression by PSA levels, age, prostate volume, and PI‐RADS ≥ 3 score.Statistical TestsT‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, permutation test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), and odds ratio (OR). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAfter adjusting, there was a significant difference in the odds of csPC (OR = 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.32–6.16). Further, PAG showed a significantly larger bootstrapped AUC to discriminate between csPC and non‐csPC than that of adjusted PI‐RADS ≥ 3 (AUC = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.975–0.987).Data ConclusionPAG may be associated with the risk of csPC and could outperform other PC risk factors.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3

Funder

Stavanger Universitetssjukehus

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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