Affiliation:
1. Department of Otolaryngology Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital Ningbo China
2. Department of Otolaryngology Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital Ningbo China
3. Department of Radiology Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital Ningbo China
4. The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital Ningbo China
5. Ningbo Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Embryogenic Diseases Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital Ningbo China
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundKabuki syndrome 1 (KS1; OMIM:147920), which is characterized by distinctive dysmorphic facial features (such as arched eyebrows, long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lower lid, and large protuberant ears), intellectual disability, short stature, and dermatoglyphic and skeletal abnormalities, is brought on by pathogenic variants in KMT2D (OMIM:602113). In this work, three individuals with novel pathogenic KMT2D gene variants had their longitudinal audiological manifestations and ear structural characteristics outlined.MethodsThe longitudinal audiological data from neonatal hearing screening and a battery of several hearing tests were evaluated. The battery of hearing tests included tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), click‐evoked air‐conduction auditory brain‐stem response (AC‐ABR), click‐evoked bone‐conduction auditory brain‐stem response (BC‐ABR), narrow band CE‐chirp auditory steady‐state response (NB CE‐chirp ASSR), and pure‐tone audiometry (PTA). Phenotype identification and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed on recruited individuals.ResultsAll three patients (two females and on male; last evaluations at 14 months, 11 months, and 5.7 years, respectively) failed the newborn hearing screening, and the audiological follow‐up data revealed mild to profound fluctuating hearing loss, which was directly influenced by the incidence and severity of otitis media with effusion (OME). When OME occurred, the AC‐ABR thresholds increased from 30–75 dBnHL to 45–90 dBnHL. The threshold for the BC‐ABR and BC‐PTA was between 25 and 50 dBnHL, indicating mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pictures indicated that all three patients had middle and inner ear abnormalities. Middle ear anomalies showed as diminished mastoid gasification and ossicle dysplasia. Cochlear dysplasia, a dilated vestibule, fusion of the vestibule with the horizontal semicircular canals, and a short and thick horizontal semicircular canal were visible on images of the inner ear. This study recruited three individuals with three novel pathogenic variants (c.5104C>T, c.10205delA, and c.12840delC) of KMT2D who were identified at ages 27 days, 2 months, and 5.5 years.ConclusionsHearing characteristics of three individuals with three novel pathogenic variants of KMT2D range from mild to profound fluctuating hearing loss with mild to moderate SNHL. HRCT scans showed that all three individuals had anatomical middle and inner ear abnormalities. KS 1 patients must get clinical therapy for OME, frequent auditory monitoring, and prompt intervention.
Subject
Genetics (clinical),Genetics,Molecular Biology
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