Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status

Author:

Lillicrap Adam1,Belanger Scott2,Burden Natalie3,Pasquier David Du4,Embry Michelle R.5,Halder Marlies6,Lampi Mark A.7,Lee Lucy8,Norberg-King Teresa9,Rattner Barnett A.10,Schirmer Kristin111213,Thomas Paul14

Affiliation:

1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); Oslo Norway

2. Environmental Safety and Sustainability; Global Product Stewardship, Procter & Gamble; Mason Ohio USA

3. National Centre for the Replacement; Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs); London United Kingdom

4. WatchFrog; Evry France

5. ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute; Washington, DC USA

6. European Commission Joint Research Centre; Ispra Italy

7. ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences; Annandale New Jersey USA

8. Faculty of Science; University of the Fraser Valley; Abbotsford British Columbia Canada

9. National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory; Office of Research and Development; Mid-Continent Ecology Division-Duluth; US Environmental Protection Agency; Duluth Minnesota USA

10. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; US Geological Survey; Beltsville Maryland USA

11. Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland

12. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics; ETH Zürich; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zürich Switzerland

13. School of Architecture; Civil and Environmental Engineering; EPF Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

14. Consultancy for Environmental & Human Toxicology & Risk Assessment (Lyon Agency); L’Isle d’Abeau; France

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Environmental Chemistry

Reference50 articles.

1. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes;Official J Eur Union,2010

2. Evaluation of tests with early life stages of fish for predicting long-term toxicity;McKim;Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1977

3. Extensive review of fish embryo acute toxicities for the prediction of GHS acute systemic toxicity categories;Scholz;Regul Toxicol Pharmacol,2014

4. The fish embryo toxicity test as a replacement for the larval growth and survival test: A comparison of test sensitivity and identification of alternative endpoints in zebrafish and fathead minnows;Jeffries;Environ Toxicol Chem,2015

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