Antioxidative Stress‐Induced Destruction to Cochlear Cells Caused by Blind Antioxidant Therapy

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveVerification that blind and excessive use of antioxidants leads to antioxidant stress which exacerbates cochlear cell damage.Study DesignBasic research.SettingThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University.MethodsWe compared and quantified hair cell‐like house ear institute‐organ of corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cell density, cell viability, and apoptosis caused by different concentrations of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) via Hoechst staining, Cell Counting Kit 8, Hoechst with propidium iodide staining, and Annexin V with propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis induced by high concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 in cochlear explants was analyzed and compared by cochlear dissection and activated caspase 3 labeling.ResultsWith the increase of NAC concentration (0‐1000 μmol/L), cell density decreased consequently and reached the lowest at 1000 μmol/L (****P ≤ .0001). Cell viability is also declining (**P < .01). The number of Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled cells and PI‐labeled cells increased with increasing NAC concentration after treatment of HEI‐OC1 cells for 48 hours. The proportion of apoptotic cells also rose (*P < .05, **P < .01). Cochlear hair cells (HCs) treated with low concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 for 48 hours showed no damage. When the concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 were increased (concentrations＞30 μmol/L), HC damage began, followed by a dose‐dependent increase in HC loss (*P < .001, **P < .0001). Activated caspase‐3 was clearly apparent in cochlear explants treated with 50 μmol/L M40403 and coenzyme Q10 compared with cochlear explants without added M40403 and coenzyme Q10.ConclusionThese experimental results suggest that inappropriate application of antioxidants can cause severe damage to normal cochlear HCs.