1. Health Service; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
2. Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University; Suita Japan
3. Nursing Science Division, Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
4. Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center; Osaka Police Hospital; Osaka Japan
5. Osaka Municipal Fire Department; Osaka Japan
6. Osaka Prefectural Senshu Critical Care Medical Center; Izumi-Sano Japan
7. Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan