Affiliation:
1. Economics and Business Department University of Almería Almería Spain
2. Business Economics Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
Abstract
AbstractThis paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis to assess the performance of stocks in terms of return on assets, risk and their Environmental‐Social‐Governance score. Next, latent class analysis (LCA) is used to determine groups with similar performances and relates group membership to a set of covariates. The empirical application employs a set of 139 European manufacturing companies from 2016 to 2021 period. The results suggest stocks on average perform 25% below their potential in each of the three dimensions. The LCA suggests five groups and membership of lower performance classes significantly relates with lower size, R&D expenses and Tobin's Q.