Statistical investigation of the experimental variables in the hydrosilylation reaction of a trimethylsiloxy‐terminated poly (methylhydro‐dimethyl)siloxane copolymer and an unsaturated polyethylene glycol using response surface methodology

Abstract

The hydrosilylation reaction is a suitable route to prepare efficient, transparent, and low‐viscose silicone surfactants with low surface tension. Initial materials, the catalyst used, and experimental conditions are highly effective variables to achieve the maximum efficiency of the reaction, reduce the consumption of the catalyst, and prevent side reactions. To draw a comprehensive conclusion on the effect of these variables, a series of trimethylsiloxy‐terminated poly (methylhydro‐dimethyl)siloxanes copolymer (abbreviated as RSiH with different preceding numbers) and two unsaturated polyethylene glycols (UPEG200 and UPEG400) were selected, and the reactions in the presence of two platinum‐based catalysts, namely, hexachloroplatinic acid and ammonium hexachloroplatinate, were statistically studied by Design of Experiment. After initial pre‐investigations, the amounts of reactant and catalyst were subjected to analysis of variance using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the results, low‐viscose and low‐surface tension silicone surfactants were obtained using UPEG400, RSiH105, and (NH4)2PtCl6 as catalysts, at temperatures over 170 °C. The best results were obtained with a relatively low concentration of the catalyst between 2.57 × 10−6 and 2.72 × 10−6 equivalent catalyst per UPEG. The relative equivalent ratio of [UPEG]/[RSiH] at the optimum condition was 1.6, which provided a surface tension below 21 mN/m together with a minimum amount of unreacted RSiH (less than 3%). The silicone surfactant was characterized as a pure product by a series of spectroscopic methods, such as FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, as well as bromine number index. These excellent properties make this compound a new alternative in various industries.