Affiliation:
1. College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
2. State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
3. College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
Abstract
ScopeSystemic heat stress (or heatstroke; HS) induces germ cell death and spermatogenesis disorders in men and male mammals. Also, it affects the immune environment of the circulatory system promoting gut inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to pathogenic infection. In this study, the crosstalk between the gut and testis (gut‐testis axis) under HS is explored, by examining the effects of intestinal immune status on the health of the male reproductive system in mice.Methods and resultsA mouse model of systemic heat stress is established to investigate the effect of probiotics on testis health. The results reveal that pro‐inflammatory factor receptor activation pathway and pathogen infection response pathway are significantly upregulated in HS testes, leading to necroptosis, while pro‐inflammatory factor and endotoxin are detected locally in the intestine and then entered the blood. The study then uses probiotics to intervene in gut microbiota, which results in milder gut microbial changes, lower inflammatory responses in the HS gut, and less necroptosis in the HS testes.ConclusionProbiotics‐based remodeling of gut microbiota (GM) reduces the proliferation of abnormal bacteria and decreases the spread of gut‐derived inflammatory mediators into the blood circulation under long‐term systemic heat stress, which relieves inflammation on germ cells.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Subject
Food Science,Biotechnology