1. Department of Endodontics; College of Dentistry; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; National Guard Health Affairs; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
2. Global Center of Excellence (GCOE); International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
3. Department of Materials Processing; Graduate School of Engineering; Tohoku University; Tohoku Japan
4. Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics; Division of Oral Health Sciences; Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Japan
5. Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Endodontics; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
6. Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Division of Biomedical Materials; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Japan
7. Department Cariology and Operative Dentistry; Division of Oral Health Sciences; Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Japan