Sonochemical synthesis of ortho‐aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes using mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst and evaluation of their in vitro antimicrobial activities

Abstract

A mobile Ca/Mg core was formed inside the silica shell of mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites (CaO‐MgO@SiO2). This new structure of hollow mesoporous silica spheres has been successfully synthesized inside the inner cavity. The used carbon spheres as a rigid template in the multi‐step synthetic process are covered with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Then, the tetrahydronaphthalenes were synergistically synthesized using CaO‐MgO@SiO2 nanocomposites as a nanocatalyst under ultrasound irradiation. By this technique, the required items could be produced with a high to excellent efficiency between 90% and 98% and the reaction times of 5–15 min. As an effective and reusable catalyst in multicomponent processes, the CaO‐MgO@SiO2 catalyst exhibits high reactivity. The FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and melting point methods were used to identify all of the products. Moreover, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDS, Mapping, and HR‐TEM techniques are used to characterize the prepared catalysts. Also, in vitro antibacterial activity of some synthetic compounds was evaluated.