1. a A major portion of this paper is from the Ph.D. Dissertation of Mary J. Wahlstrom, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, May 1988.
2. Diss. Abstr., 49, 3759B (1989).
3. b Portions of this paper were presented at meetings as follows: [i] J. J. Condoluci and W. E. Noland, The in situ Vinylindole Synthesis of Carbazoles, at the 28th Annual Minnesota A.C.S. Undergraduate Symposium in Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, May 11, 1985. [ii] M. E. Brigham and W. E. Noland, Use of Aldehydes in the in situ Vinylindole Synthesis of Carbazoles, at the First Annual National Conference on Undergraduate Research, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, April 23, 1987. [iii] T. S. Gac and W. E. Noland, 2-Dimensional NMR Analysis of Carbazole Derivatives, at the 30th Annual Minnesota A.C.S. Undergraduate Research Symposium in Chemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Campus, St. Paul, MN, May 2, 1987. [iv] P. M. Radford and W. E. Noland, The in situ Vinylindole Synthesis of Carbazoles Using α- and β-Tetralone and Heterocyclic Ketones, at the 32nd Annual Minnesota A.C.S. Undergraduate Research Symposium in Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - River Falls, River Falls, WI, May 6, 1989. [v] A. G. Trowbridge and W. E. Noland, In situ Vinylindole Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrocarbazoles, at the 34th Annual Minnesota A.C.S. Undergraduate Research Symposium in Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, May 4, (1991).
4. The Synthesis of Carbazoles from 3-Vinylindoles with Tetracyanoethylene and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate