The impact of family‐genetic risk scores on social functioning in individuals affected with six major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish National Sample

Author:

Kendler Kenneth S.12ORCID,Ohlsson Henrik3,Sundquist Jan34,Sundquist Kristina34

Affiliation:

1. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA

2. Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA

3. Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden

4. Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA

Abstract

AbstractTo examine whether the level of genetic risk in psychiatric disorders impacts the social functioning of affected individuals, we examine the relationship between genetic risk factors for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), non‐affective psychosis (NAP), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) in disordered individuals and five adverse social outcomes: unemployment, residence in areas of social deprivation, social welfare, early retirement, and divorce. We examine all cases with registration for these disorders from 1995 to 2015 in individuals born in Sweden. Genetic risk was assessed by the family genetic risk score (FGRS) and statistical estimates by Cox proportional hazard models. High genetic risk was significantly and modestly associated with poorer social outcomes in 23 of 30 analyses. Overall, genetic risk for MD, AD, AUD, and DUD impacted social functioning more strongly in affected individuals than did genetic risk for BD and NAP. Social welfare had the strongest associations with genetic risk, and residence in areas of high deprivation had the weakest. In individuals suffering from psychiatric and substance use disorders, high levels of genetic risk impact not only clinical features but also diverse measures of social functioning.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Vetenskapsrådet

Publisher

Wiley

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