Mobilizing Endogenous Progenitor Cells Using pSDF1α‐Activated Scaffolds Accelerates Angiogenesis and Bone Repair in Critical‐Sized Bone Defects

Abstract

AbstractMobilizing endogenous progenitor cells to repair damaged tissue in situ has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine, while the early establishment of a vascular network will ensure survival of newly generated tissue. In this study, a gene‐activated scaffold containing a stromal derived factor 1α plasmid (pSDF1α), a pro‐angiogenic gene that is also thought to be involved in the recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to sites of injury is described. It is shown that over‐expression of SDF1α protein enhanced MSC recruitment and induced vessel‐like structure formation by endothelial cells in vitro. When implanted subcutaneously, transcriptomic analysis reveals that endogenous MSCs are recruited and significant angiogenesis is stimulated. Just 1‐week after implantation into a calvarial critical‐sized bone defect, pSDF1α‐activated scaffolds are recruited MSCs and rapidly activate angiogenic and osteogenic programs, upregulating Runx2, Dlx5, and Sp7. At the same time‐point, pVEGF‐activated scaffolds are recruited a variety of cell types, activating endochondral ossification. The early response induced by both scaffolds leads to complete bridging of the critical‐sized bone defects within 4‐weeks. The versatile cell‐free gene‐activated scaffold described in this study is capable of harnessing and enhancing the body's own regenerative capacity and has immense potential in a myriad of applications.