Comparative Analysis of Various Spider Silks in Regard to Nerve Regeneration: Material Properties and Schwann Cell Response

Author:

Stadlmayr Sarah12ORCID,Peter Karolina3,Millesi Flavia12,Rad Anda1,Wolf Sonja1,Mero Sascha1,Zehl Martin4,Mentler Axel5,Gusenbauer Claudia6,Konnerth Johannes6,Schniepp Hannes C.7,Lichtenegger Helga3,Naghilou Aida128ORCID,Radtke Christine12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria

2. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna Austria

3. Institute for Physics and Materials Science University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 1190 Austria

4. Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria

5. Institute of Soil Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 1190 Austria

6. Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Tulln an der Donau 3430 Austria

7. Department of Applied Science William & Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 USA

8. Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University Leiden 2333 The Netherlands

Abstract

AbstractPeripheral nerve reconstruction through the employment of nerve guidance conduits with Trichonephila dragline silk as a luminal filling has emerged as an outstanding preclinical alternative to avoid nerve autografts. Yet, it remains unknown whether the outcome is similar for silk fibers harvested from other spider species. This study compares the regenerative potential of dragline silk from two orb‐weaving spiders, Trichonephila inaurata and Nuctenea umbratica, as well as the silk of the jumping spider Phidippus regius. Proliferation, migration, and transcriptomic state of Schwann cells seeded on these silks are investigated. In addition, fiber morphology, primary protein structure, and mechanical properties are studied. The results demonstrate that the increased velocity of Schwann cells on Phidippus regius fibers can be primarily attributed to the interplay between the silk's primary protein structure and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the capacity of silk fibers to trigger cells toward a gene expression profile of a myelinating Schwann cell phenotype is shown. The findings for the first time allow an in‐depth comparison of the specific cellular response to various native spider silks and a correlation with the fibers’ material properties. This knowledge is essential to open up possibilities for targeted manufacturing of synthetic nervous tissue replacement.

Funder

Austrian Science Fund

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science,Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials

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