Biomimetic Periodontal Ligament Transplantation Activated by Gold Nanoparticles Protects Alveolar Bone

Author:

Zong Chen1ORCID,Van Holm Wannes2,Bronckaers Annelies3,Zhao Zuodong1,Čokić Stevan4,Aktan Merve Kübra5,Castro Ana Belén2,Van Meerbeek Bart4,Braem Annabel5,Willems Guy1,Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oral Health Sciences‐Orthodontics KU Leuven (University of Leuven) and Dentistry, UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven) Kapucijnenvoer Leuven 3000 Belgium

2. Department of Oral Health Sciences‐Periodontology & Oral Microbiology KU Leuven and Dentistry, UZ Leuven Kapucijnenvoer Leuven 3000 Belgium

3. Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Hasselt Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium

4. Department of Oral Health Sciences‐BIOMAT KU Leuven and Dentistry, UZ Leuven Kapucijnenvoer Leuven 3000 Belgium

5. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM) KU Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium

Abstract

AbstractStem cell therapy might be a promising method to stimulate alveolar bone regeneration, which is currently a major clinical challenge. However, its therapeutic features largely depend on pretreatment and transplantation preparation. Herein, a novel biomimetic periodontal ligament transplantation composed of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) pretreated with gold nanocomplexes (AuNCs) and embedded in a type‐I collagen hydrogel scaffold is developed to protect alveolar bone from resorption. AuNCs are readily absorbed by primary hPDLSCs, with limited cytotoxicity, and promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs effectively in vitro. In addition, the AuNCs‐induced hPDLSCs are encapsulated with type‐I collagen hydrogel scaffold to mimic their native physiological niche, and then are transplanted into a rat model of alveolar bone resorption. Both micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and immunohistochemical assays demonstrate that alveolar bone loss is significantly prevented. Furthermore, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is elucidated, in which transplantation‐activated osteogenesis is associated with autophagy, which enables bone remodeling and regeneration. This study provides critical insight into the role of PDLSCs in bone homeostasis and proposes an innovative AuNCs‐based strategy for stem cell therapy in bone regeneration.

Funder

China Scholarship Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science,Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials

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