Targeting STING Activation by Antigen‐Inspired MnO2 Nanovaccines Optimizes Tumor Radiotherapy

Abstract

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockers therapy can improve the radiotherapy‐induced immunosuppression by enhancing interferon secretion, but still suffer from low clinical response rate and potential adverse effects. Mn2+‐mediated activation of interferon gene stimulator (STING) pathway provides an alternative for combination radioimmunotherapy of tumor. However, it is still a challenge for specific delivery of Mn2+ to innate immune cells and targeting activation of STING pathway. Herein, a novel antigen‐inspired MnO2 nanovaccine is fabricated as Mn2+ source and functionalized with mannose, enabling it to target innate immune cells to activate the STING pathway. Meanwhile, the release of Mn2+ in the intracellular lysosomes can also be for magnetic resonance imaging to monitor the dynamic distribution of nanovaccines in vivo. The targeting activation of STING pathway can enhance radiotherapy‐induced immune responses for inhibiting local and distant tumors, and resisting tumor metastasis. The study proposes an optimized radiotherapy strategy through targeting STING activation of antigen‐inspired nanovaccines.