Probing Degradation in Lithium Ion Batteries with On‐Chip Electrochemistry Mass Spectrometry**

Author:

Thornton Daisy B.12,Davies Bethan J. V.12,Scott Soren B.1,Aguadero Ainara12,Ryan Mary P.12,Stephens Ifan E. L.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Materials Imperial College London London SW7 UK

2. The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Harwell OX11 0RA UK

Abstract

AbstractThe rapid uptake of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large scale electric vehicle and energy storage applications requires a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms. Capacity fade is due to the complex interplay between phase transitions, electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution; many of these poorly understood parasitic reactions evolve gases as a side product. Here we present an on‐chip electrochemistry mass spectrometry method that enables ultra‐sensitive, fully quantified and time resolved detection of volatile species evolving from an operating LIB. The technique's electrochemical performance and mass transport is described by a finite element model and then experimentally used to demonstrate the variety of new insights into LIB performance. We show the versatility of the technique, including (a) observation of oxygen evolving from a LiNiMnCoO2 cathode and (b) the solid electrolyte interphase formation reaction on graphite in a variety of electrolytes, enabling the deconvolution of lithium inventory loss (c) the first direct evidence, by virtue of the improved time resolution of our technique, that carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene takes place in a lithium ion battery. The emerging insight will guide and validate battery lifetime models, as well as inform the design of longer lasting batteries.

Funder

Faraday Institution

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

H2020 European Research Council

Henry Royce Institute

Fundación Iberdrola España

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Chemistry,Catalysis

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