Affiliation:
1. Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
2. DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
3. Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
4. Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) RWTH Aachen University Clinic Forckenbeckstr. 55 52074 Aachen Germany
Abstract
AbstractUltrasound technology, synergistically harnessed with genetic engineering and chemistry concepts, has started to open the gateway to the remarkable realm of sonogenetics—a pioneering paradigm for remotely orchestrating cellular functions at the molecular level. This fusion not only enables precisely targeted imaging and therapeutic interventions, but also advances our comprehension of mechanobiology to unparalleled depths. Sonogenetic tools harness mechanical force within small tissue volumes while preserving the integrity of the surrounding physiological environment, reaching depths of up to tens of centimeters with high spatiotemporal precision. These capabilities circumvent the inherent physical limitations of alternative in vivo control methods such as optogenetics and magnetogenetics. In this review, we first discuss mechanosensitive ion channels, the most commonly utilized sonogenetic mediators, in both mammalian and non‐mammalian systems. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive overview of state‐of‐the‐art sonogenetic approaches that leverage thermal or mechanical features of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, we explore strategies centered around the design of mechanochemically reactive macromolecular systems. Furthermore, we delve into the realm of ultrasound imaging of biomolecular function, encompassing the utilization of gas vesicles and acoustic reporter genes. Finally, we shed light on limitations and challenges of sonogenetics and present a perspective on the future of this promising technology.
Funder
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Werner Siemens-Stiftung
Cited by
5 articles.
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