Affiliation:
1. DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Rennes France
2. Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164 University of Rennes 1 Rennes France
Abstract
AbstractIsothiazolinones are a family of broad‐spectrum biocides widely used in industry and consumer products. Chloro‐ and methyl‐isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT) are documented as strong irritants, yet they are still used in a wide variety of applications, including cosmetics, cleansers, hygienic products, and various industrial applications. The subsequent substantial release of these molecules from urban sources into freshwater environments, and their potential impacts on aquatic species, have nevertheless received little attention so far, with few studies reporting on the toxicity of either CMIT or MIT to nontarget organisms. The present study addresses this current knowledge gap by evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) of CMIT/MIT (3:1) and MIT, the two formulations most commonly used by manufacturers. In addition, genetic diversity is known to be a major component of variability in phenotypic responses, although it is largely overlooked in typical toxicity tests. Thus the potential range of responses inherent to genetic diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, to account for intraspecific variations in sensitivity, our design involved eight clonal lines of D. pulex stemming from distinct natural populations or commercial strains. Clones exhibited strong variation in their responses, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.84 mg/L for the mixture CMIT/MIT, and from 0.68 to 2.84 mg/L for MIT alone. These intraspecific ranges of LC50 values challenge the use of single clones of daphnids in standard ecotoxicological tests and the predictions based on their results. The present study brings new evidence that assessing ecological risk of chemicals while ignoring genotype diversity is neither ecologically relevant, nor a representative evaluation of the diversity of potential adverse outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:805–814. © 2023 SETAC
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Environmental Chemistry
Reference70 articles.
1. Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation de l'environnement et du travail. (2016). Méthylisothiazolinone dans les produits à usage courant et risques associés de sensibilisation cutanée et respiratoire. (p. 88) [Avis de l ' Anses. Rapport d'expertise collective.].https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/CONSO2014SA0186Ra.pdf
2. Differential local genetic adaptation to pesticide use in organic and conventional agriculture in an aquatic non-target species
3. Effect of Methylisothiazolinone on Biological Treatment: Efficiency of SBRs and Bioindicative Studies
4. The determination of preservatives in cosmetics and environmental waters by HPLC;Baranowska I.;Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2013
5. Genetic variability in sublethal tolerance to mixtures of cadmium and zinc in clones of Daphnia magna Straus
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献