1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center 6‐1 Kishibe‐Shimmachi Suita Osaka 564‐8565 Japan
2. Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
3. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
4. Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan
6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8574 Japan