1. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
2. For recent accounts, see the following books: M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. Avouris (eds.), Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, structure, properties, and Applications (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000).
3. , and , Carbon Nanotubes: Basic Concepts and Physical Properties (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004).
4. Phonons in carbon nanotubes
5. Mechanical Energy Storage in Carbon Nanotube Springs