1. Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
2. Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery and Clinical Research Development Unit Sina Educational, Research and Treatment CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
3. Department of Statistics and Epidemiology Faculty of Health Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
4. Institute of Nursing and Health Research School of Health Sciences Ulster University Ulster UK