Assessment of tropical suburban surface soils contamination from Jengka, Malaysia

Author:

Sulaiman Fazrul Razman1ORCID,Jusoh Mohammad Syahirul Aiman1,Nasaruddin Amirul Amin1,Sulaiman Noorzamzarina2

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang Pahang Malaysia

2. Geoscience Department Faculty of Earth Science Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia

Abstract

AbstractHeavy metals in suburban soils pose both indirect and direct health risks. This study assessed the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Jengka (Malaysia) suburban soil and estimated the human health risk. Health risk assessment (HRA) was utilized to assess non‐cancer and cancer risks. The concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Cd < Zn < Cr < Pb. The heavy metals were found to be divided into two components using principal component analysis (PCA), with PC1 comprising Pb and Cd and PC2 containing Zn and Cr. PC1 originates from anthropogenic sources, while PC2 is often from mixed anthropogenic and natural sources. Despite having the lowest mean concentration, Cd was enriched based on the geo‐accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF). Average hazard index values were below the acceptable threshold (HI < 1) for dermal and inhalation pathways suggesting a low non‐cancer risk. Jengka suburban soil had total lifetime cancer risk values slightly higher than the acceptable threshold (1 × 10−5). Skin contact was the most prominent contributing exposure pathway for both non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. This study suggests that heavy metal bioactivity levels be used to make a plausible HRA of heavy metal pollution in suburban soils.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal

Reference39 articles.

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