Impact of low‐value medications on quality of life, hospitalization and costs – A longitudinal analysis of patients living with dementia

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to analyze the impact of low‐value medications (Lvm), that is, medications unlikely to benefit patients but to cause harm, on patient‐centered outcomes over 24 months.MethodsThis longitudinal analysis was based on baseline, 12 and 24 months follow‐up data of 352 patients with dementia. The impact of Lvm on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), hospitalizations, and health care costs were assessed using multiple panel‐specific regression models.ResultsOver 24 months, 182 patients (52%) received Lvm at least once and 56 (16%) continuously. Lvm significantly increased the risk of hospitalization by 49% (odds ratio, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.06–2.09; p = 0.022), increased health care costs by €6810 (CI 95% −707€–14,27€; p = 0.076), and reduced patients' HRQoL (b = −1.55; CI 95% −2.76 to −0.35; p = 0.011).DiscussionMore than every second patient received Lvm, negatively impacting patient‐reported HRQoL, hospitalizations, and costs. Innovative approaches are needed to encourage prescribers to avoid and replace Lvm in dementia care.Highlights Over 24 months, more than every second patient received low‐value medications (Lvm). Lvm negatively impact physical, psychological, and financial outcomes. Appropriate measures are needed to change prescription behaviors.