Variation in executive function relates to BMI increases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in the ABCD Study

Author:

Adise Shana1ORCID,Ottino‐Gonzalez Jonatan1,Goedde Lauren2,Marshall Andrew T.3,Kan Eric3,Rhee Kyung E.4ORCID,Goran Michael I.3ORCID,Sowell Elizabeth R.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Research Administration Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

3. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

4. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego San Diego California USA

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveThe study aim was to determine whether (A) differences in executive function (EF) and cognition precede weight gain or (B) weight gain causes changes to EF and cognition.MethodsData were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 4.0; ages 9–12 years old [N = 2794]; 100% had healthy weight at baseline [i.e., 9/10 years old], 12.4% had unhealthy weight by ages 11/12 years). EF and cognition were assessed across several domains (e.g., impulsivity, inhibitory control, processing speed, memory); BMI was calculated from height and weight. Nested random‐effects mixed models examined (A) BMI ~ EF × Time (i.e., variation in EF/cognition precedes weight gain) and (B) EF ~ BMI × Time (weight gain causes changes to EF/cognition) and controlled for sex, puberty, and caregiver education; random effects were site and subject.ResultsVariation in impulsivity, memory, learning, and processing speed was associated with greater increases in BMI trajectories from 9 to 12 years old. Weight gain was associated with a decrease in inhibitory control, but no other associations were observed.ConclusionsUnderlying variation in EF and cognition may be important for weight gain, but 2 years of weight gain may not be enough to have clinical implications for EF and cognition beyond inhibitory control. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inclusion of EF programs in obesity prevention efforts.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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