Affiliation:
1. School of Archaeology and Anthropology The Australian National University Canberra Australia
2. Paleoneurobiology of Hominins Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos Spain
3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTwo decades ago, Rilling and Seligman, hereafter abbreviated to RAS Study, suggested modern humans had relatively larger temporal lobes for brain size compared to other anthropoids. Despite many subsequent studies drawing conclusions about the evolutionary implications for the emergence of unique cerebral specializations in Homo sapiens, no re‐assessment has occurred using updated methodologies.MethodsWe reassessed the association between right temporal lobe volume (TLV) and right hemisphere volume (HV) in the anthropoid brain. In a sample compiled de novo by us, T1‐weighted in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of 11 extant anthropoid species were calculated by‐voxel from the MRI and the raw data from RAS Study directly compared to our sample. Phylogenetic Generalized Least‐Squares (PGLS) regression and trait‐mapping using Blomberg's K (kappa) tested the correlation between HV and TLV accounting for anthropoid phylogeny, while bootstrapped PGLS regressions tested difference in slopes and intercepts between monkey and ape subsamples.ResultsPGLS regressions indicated statistically significant correlations (r2 < 0.99; p ≤ 0.0001) between TLV and HV with moderate influence from phylogeny (K ≤ 0.42). Bootstrapped PGLS regression did not show statistically significant differences in slopes between monkeys and apes but did for intercepts. In our sample, human TLV was not larger than expected for anthropoids.DiscussionUpdated imaging, increased sample size and advanced statistical analyses did not find statistically significant results that modern humans possessed a disproportionately large temporal lobe volume compared to the general anthropoid trend. This has important implications for human and non‐human primate brain evolution.
Subject
Paleontology,Archeology,Genetics,Anthropology,Anatomy,Epidemiology
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献