Quantum Materials

Abstract

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Quantum Materials 2.1 Brief Chronicle of Quantum Materials 2.2 Definition 3 Classification of Quantum Materials 3.1 Topological Insulators and Semimetals 3.2 Quantum Spin Liquids 3.3 Superconductors 3.4 Perovskites 3.5 Quantum Dots 3.5.1 Core‐Type QDs 3.5.2 Core–Shell Quantum Dots 3.5.3 Alloyed or Composite QDs 4 Physical and Chemical Properties, Characterization, and Epitaxy 4.1 Hall Effect and Hall Measurement 4.2 Secondary‐Ion Mass Spectrometry 4.3 X‐ray Diffraction 4.4 Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence 4.5 Electron Spin Coherence Characterization 5 Production of Quantum Materials 5.1 Metalorganic Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy 5.2 Solution Growth of Intermetallic Single Crystals 5.3 Vapor Transport Growth of van der Waals Magnets 5.4 Induction Furnace Heating for the Growth of Intermetallic Quantum Materials 5.5 Floating‐Zone Crystal Growth 5.6 Hydrothermal Method 5.7 High‐Throughput Synthesis of Quantum Materials 5.8 Engineering Epitaxial Superconductor–Semiconductor Heterostructures by Molecular‐Beam Epitaxy 6 Applications of Quantum Materials 6.1 Energy Storage 6.2 Solar Cells 6.3 Catalysis 6.4 Biomedical Sensing and Imaging 6.5 Thermoelectric Devices 6.6 LEDs and Display Applications 6.7 Photodetectors 6.8 Magnetic Devices 6.9 Field‐Effect Transistors 7 Future Perspectives Acknowledgments References