Psychotomimetic compensation versus sensitization

Author:

Brouwer Ari1ORCID,Carhart‐Harris Robin L.2,Raison Charles L.3456

Affiliation:

1. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA

2. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA

3. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA

4. Vail Health Behavioral Health Innovation Center Vail Colorado USA

5. Center for the Study of Human Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA

6. Department of Spiritual Health Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center Atlanta Georgia USA

Abstract

AbstractIt is a paradox that psychotomimetic drugs can relieve symptoms that increase risk of and cooccur with psychosis, such as attention and motivational deficits (e.g., amphetamines), pain (e.g., cannabis) and symptoms of depression (e.g., psychedelics, dissociatives). We introduce the ideas of psychotomimetic compensation and psychotomimetic sensitization to explain this paradox. Psychotomimetic compensation refers to a short‐term stressor or drug‐induced compensation against stress that is facilitated by engagement of neurotransmitter/modulator systems (endocannabinoid, serotonergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic) that mediate the effects of common psychotomimetic drugs. Psychotomimetic sensitization occurs after repeated exposure to stress and/or drugs and is evidenced by the gradual intensification and increase of psychotic‐like experiences over time. Theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed.

Funder

Usona Institute

Publisher

Wiley

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